Foreign Policy

The Persian Gulf Arab States in Relation to a Potential U.S. and Israeli Attack on Iran: Roles, Costs, and Future Scenarios

The Persian Gulf states find themselves in a complex and multi-layered position in the conflict between the U.S.–Israeli axis and Iran, where their strategic choices have the potential to significantly shape the future of the region. The continuation of a defensive posture, while less costly and more conducive to faster recovery and reconstruction, would still mean the persistence of uncertainty and ongoing economic pressure. It may reduce immediate military risks, but it does not fully eliminate long-term security concerns or regional instability.

The Confrontation Between the United States, Israel, and Iran: Drivers and Prospects

The confrontation between the United States, Israel, and Iran—now paused under a fragile ceasefire and accompanied by inconclusive negotiations—stems from a fundamentally zero-sum strategic dynamic. The United States and Israel seek a “neutralized” Iran: one without nuclear technological capacity, deprived of advanced long-range weapons, and with minimal regional influence. From Iran’s perspective, however, accepting such conditions would amount to the dismantling of its technological, military, and political capabilities, ultimately placing the state on a path toward strategic vulnerability and possible collapse.

The Impact of the Iran–United States–Israel War on Afghanistan

The Iran–United States–Israel conflict is not merely an external war for Afghanistan; it carries deep and multidimensional political, security, and economic consequences. This analysis demonstrates that, due to its geographic position, Afghanistan continues to bear both direct and indirect pressures arising from regional power rivalries.

The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO): The Recent Meeting in Pakistan and the Non-Participation of the Islamic Emirate

The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) was established to strengthen regional coordination, promote free trade, support regional economic development, and enhance scientific and cultural exchanges. Holding the recent ECO meeting in Pakistan, with the participation of all member states except Afghanistan, indicates that Pakistan is viewed as an important economic partner by other member countries and enjoys a significant level of regional trust. Hosting such meetings also increases Pakistan’s visibility and influence in the region.

Protests in Iran: Origins, Drivers, and Possible Scenarios

The recent protests in Iran, which initially emerged from economic grievances among market traders in response to currency volatility and deteriorating living conditions, rapidly evolved into a broad-based movement with a distinctly political character. This transformation reflects the depth of Iran’s structural discontent…

An Analysis of the United States’ Military Attack on Venezuela

The United States’ military action against Venezuela and the unlawful detention of the country’s president, Nicolás Maduro, and his spouse constitute, from the perspective of international law, a clear violation of the fundamental provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.

The Tehran Meeting and the Absence of the Islamic Emirate: An Analytical Overview

The Tehran meeting can be assessed as Iran’s attempt to position itself as one of the key diplomatic reference points for addressing Afghanistan-related issues. A country that has long faced severe Western pressure and relative isolation, Iran appears to have used this initiative to demonstrate its continued capacity to break out of diplomatic isolation and exert influence over regional affairs.

The Significance of Russian President Vladimir Putin’s Visit to India

President Putin’s visit to India took place at a highly sensitive moment in global strategic transformation—one shaped by the Ukraine war, Western sanctions, shifts in global energy markets, NATO’s expansion, and the emergence of a new Eurasian political landscape.

Alternative Trade Routes for Afghanistan Beyond Pakistan: Challenges and Solutions

Although Afghanistan’s trade has long been dependent on Pakistan’s transit routes, the country is not without alternatives. With support from neighboring and regional states that maintain close relations with the Islamic Emirate,

Sudan Through History: Political Transitions, Civil War, and Humanitarian Crisis

A comprehensive review of Sudan’s political and military trajectory—from independence to the 2019 revolution—demonstrates that the country’s power structure has consistently oscillated among military regimes, partisan elites, and social forces.

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